Contents
1.??Introduction?1
The Issue of Access?3
A Framework for Understanding Access?5
Methods?8
Conclusion?12
2.??The Centrality of Access?14
Publicness?14
Funding and Finance?16
Segregation and Stratification?17
Measured Outcomes?17
3.??Description and Design: Which Niche??20
Background Briefing?20
Further Research?21
Conclusion?29
4.??Location, Location, Location: Decisions About Site and Transportation?30
Background Briefing?30
Further Research?31
Conclusion?36
5.??Narrow-Casting: The Power of Marketing and Advertising?37
Background Briefing?37
Further Research?39
Conclusion?44
6.??Hoop Schemes: Conditions Placed on Applications?45
Background Briefing?45
Further Research?47
Conclusion?55
7.??The Steering Wheel: The Art of Dissuading Applications?56
Background Briefing?56
Further Research?58
Conclusion?61
8.??Send Us Your Best: Conditions Placed on Enrollment?63
Background Briefing?63
Further Research?64
Conclusion?71
9.??Putting in the Hours: Requiring Parents to Volunteer?72
Background Briefing?72
Further Research?74
Conclusion?77
10.??Not in Service: Emergent Bilinguals, Special Education, and Free and Reduced-Price Lunch?78
Background Briefing?78
Further Research?80
Conclusion?88
11.??The Fitness Test: Counseling Out?89
Background Briefing?89
Further Research?91
Conclusion?98
12.??Pass Interference: GPAs and Grade Retention?99
Background Briefing?99
Further Research?100
Conclusion?105
13.??No Excuses: Discipline and Punish?106
Background Briefing?106
Further Research?107
Conclusion?120
14.??Irreplaceable: Backfilling Student Attrition?122
Background Briefing?123
Further Research?123
Conclusion?127
15.??Show Me the Money: The Price of Attendance?129
Background Briefing?129
Further Research?130
Conclusion?137
16.??Understanding Access?138
Competitive Incentives for Schools to Be Choosers?138
Opportunity Hoarding: Parents as Choosers?141
Effectively Maintained Inequality?144
17.??Pursuing Equity Against the Tide?148
Attempts to Address Access Hurdles?148
The Rules and Incentives Must Change?155
18.??Looking Ahead: Designing a Healthier System?158
Changing Incentives?159
Changing Rules?160
The Importance of Collecting and Reporting Data?169
Holding Authorizers Accountable?170
Conclusion?171
Notes?173
References?175
Index?213
About the Authors?225
