Preface
Acknowledgements
List of abbreviations
List of tables, figures and boxes
Abstract
Executive summary
1 Introduction
1.1 Geography and sociodemography
1.2 Economic context
1.3 Political context
1.4 Health status
2 Organization and governance
2.1 Historical background
2.2 Organization of the healthcare system
2.3 Decentralization and centralization
2.4 Planning
2.5 Intersectorality
2.6 Patient empowerment
2.7 Regulation
3 Financing
3.1 Health expenditure
3.2 Sources of revenue, financing and financial flows
3.3 Medicare
3.4 Medicaid
3.5 Private health insurance
3.6 Out-of-pocket payments
3.7 Payment mechanisms
4 Physical and human resources
4.1 Physical resources
4.2 Human resources
5 Provision of services
5.1 Patient pathways
5.2 Public health
5.3 Outpatient services: primary care
5.4 Outpatient services: specialty care
5.5 Other outpatient services: ambulatory surgical, emergency and urgent care
5.6 Acute inpatient care
5.7 Dental care
5.8 Behavioural healthcare
5.9 Pharmaceutical care
5.10 Post-acute care: rehabilitation, intermittent home care and subacute care
5.11 Long-term care
5.12 Palliative care
5.13 Services from informal care-givers
5.14 Racial and ethnic minorities, low-income individuals, the uninsured and other vulnerable populations
6 Principal health reforms
6.1 History of US health reforms
6.2 The Affordable Care Act
6.3 The future of the ACA
7 Assessment of the health system
7.1 Health system governance
7.2 Accessibility
7.3 Financial protection
7.4 Healthcare quality
7.5 Health outcomes
7.6 Health system efficiency
8 Conclusions
9 Appendices
9.1 References
9.2 Useful websites
9.3 HiT methodology and production process
9.4 About the authors
