Essentials of Pediatric Emergency Medicine

Introduction
SECTION 1: GENERAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT
1.1 Pediatric Triage
1.2 Pediatric Airway
1.3 Child Life: Developmental Considerations in the Emergency Department
1.4 Pain Management
1.5 Procedural Sedation
1.6 Technologically Dependent Children
1.7 Child Abuse
1.8 Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS)
1.9 Transporting the Pediatric Patient
SECTION 2: ACUTE PRESENTATIONS
2.1 Anaphylaxis
2.2 Altered Level of Consciousness
2.3 Apnea in Newborns and Infants
2.4 Pediatric Fever
2.5 Chest Pain
SECTION 3: CARDIAC EMERGENCIES
3.1 Cardiogenic Shock
3.2 Supraventricular Tachycardia
3.3 Acute Pericarditis
3.4 Syncope and Breath-holding Episodes
3.5 Congenital Heart Disease
SECTION 4: NEUROLOGIC EMERGENCIES
4.1 Seizures
4.2 Pediatric Stroke
4.3 Meningitis and Encephalitis
4.4 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri)
4.5 Ataxia
4.6 Migraine
4.7 Myasthenia Gravis
4.8 Guillain-Barré Syndrome
SECTION 5: RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES
5.1 Stridor
5.2 Bronchiolitis
5.3 Asthma
5.4 Pneumonia
5.5 Pulmonary Embolus
5.6 Pneumothorax
5.7 Cystic Fibrosis
SECTION 6: MUSCULOSKELETAL EMERGENCIES
6.1 Compartment Syndrome
6.2 Necrotizing Fasciitis
6.3 Hand Infections
6.4 Hand Injuries
6.5 Approach to a Child with a Limp
6.6 Joint Dislocations
6.7 Torticollis
6.8 Osteomyelitis
6.9 Septic (Bacterial) Arthritis
SECTION 7: ENDOCRINE EMERGENCIES
7.1 Diabetic Ketoacidosis
7.2 Hypoglycemia
7.3 Water Balance
7.4 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
7.5 Disorders of the Thyroid Gland
SECTION 8: HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY EMERGENCIES
8.1 Febrile Neutropenia
8.2 Sickle Cell Disease
8.3 Hereditary Bleeding Disorders
8.4 Tumor Lysis Syndrome
8.5 Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
8.6 Hemolytic Anemia
8.7 Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura
SECTION 9: RHEUMATOLOGICAL EMERGENCIES
9.1 Kawasaki Disease
9.2 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura
SECTION 10: INFECTIOUS DISEASE EMERGENCIES
10.1 Fever in the Returning Traveler
10.2 Malaria
10.3 Pediatric Tuberculosis
10.4 Tetanus
10.5 HIV
10.6 Bites
10.7 Rabies
10.8 Botulism
10.9 General Approach to Sexually Transmitted Infections
10.10 Cervical Lymphadenitis
SECTION 11: OPHTHALMOLOGY EMERGENCIES
11.1 Conjunctivitis
11.2 Chalazion and Hordeolum
11.3 Hyphema
11.4 Orbital and Periorbital Cellulitis
SECTION 12: DERMATOLOGY EMERGENCIES
12.1 Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)
12.2 Common Pediatric Viral Exanthems
12.3 Impetigo
12.4 Pediatric Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)
12.5 Neonatal Rashes
SECTION 13: OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY EMERGENCIES
13.1 Epiglottitis
13.2 Epistaxis
13.3 Pharyngitis
13.4 Otitis Media and Otitis Externa
SECTION 14: GASTROINTESTINAL EMERGENCIES
14.1 Acute Gastroenteritis
14.2 Acute Peritonitis
14.3 Constipation
14.4 Upper and Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding
14.5 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
14.6 Foreign Body Aspiration or Ingestion
SECTION 15: NEONATAL EMERGENCIES
15.1 Jaundice in the Newborn Period
15.2 Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
SECTION 16: GENITOURINARY EMERGENCIES
16.1 Testicular Torsion
16.2 Priapism
16.3 Vulvovaginitis
16.4 Abnormal Uterine Bleeding and Dysmenorrhea
16.5 Amenorrhea
16.6 Penile Emergencies
SECTION 17: RENAL EMERGENCIES
17.1 Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
17.2 Nephrotic Syndrome
SECTION 18: TRAUMA
18.1 Head Injury
18.2 Cervical Spine Injury
18.3 Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Injury
18.4 Chest Trauma
18.5 Abdominal Trauma
18.6 Musculoskeletal Trauma I: Introduction and Upper Limbs
18.7 Musculoskeletal Trauma II: Lower Limbs
18.8 Pediatric Burns
18.9 Genitourinary Trauma
SECTION 19: TOXICOLOGY
19.1 General Approach to Poisoning
19.2 Acetaminophen Toxicity
19.3 Salicylates
19.4 Toxic Alcohols
19.5 Caustics
19.6 Opioid Overdose
19.7 Street Drugs I: Cocaine, GHB, and Cannabis
19.8 Street Drugs II: Amphetamine Derivatives and Hallucinogens
19.9 Methemoglobinemia
19.10 Cyanide Toxicity
19.11 Digoxin Toxicity
19.12 Iron Overdose
19.13 Lead Poisoning
19.14 Organophosphate Toxicity
19.15 Tricyclic Antidepressant Toxicity
19.16 Carbon Monoxide Toxicity
19.17 Adverse Drug Reactions
SECTION 20: ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCIES
20.1 Hypothermia and Cold-Induced Injuries
20.2 Drowning
20.3 Heat Illness
20.4 Electrical Injuries
Abbreviations
SI Unit / Conventional Unit Conversion Table
Contributors
Index